Development and application of ultra-fine high-speed spinning lubricants for Brenton, Wei Junfu Zheng Guoguo Xu Jinyun Sun Changle (High-tech Industrial Company of Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300160, China). Developed suitable for ultra-fine polypropylene high speed spinning oil application performance is good.
CLC number:TS103841:A Ultra-fine polypropylene low elasticity yarn with a single fiber fineness of less than 1 dtex, due to its unique wicking effect, makes its fabric breathable, moisture-guiding, soft, warm, with excellent comfort and hygiene , is a new product in the textile industry upgrading, such as the famous "ADIDAS" sportswear, the United States military underwear, etc. have adopted fine denier polypropylene filament 111. China's ultra-fine high-speed polypropylene spinning technology has reached the world advanced level, established Several thousand tons of ultra-fine high-speed polypropylene spinning production line, began to transfer from scientific research to industrial production. Women's and children's underwear made of domestic fine denier polypropylene low elasticity yarn has been favored by consumers after they are put on the market, and the demand for such fibers will grow rapidly. However, during the production process, it was found that ordinary high-speed spinning oils could not meet the technical requirements of ultra-fine fibers, and had poor spinnability, more hairiness and breakage, lower product grade rates, and false-twist PU (polyurethane) friction plates. Problems such as rapid wear and tear, and the service life of the friction discs are only about two weeks in serious cases, the oil agent has become a major obstacle to the industrialized production of superfine polypropylene spinning in China. For this purpose, research and development of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oils were carried out.
In this paper, the effects of oil on mechanical properties of fibers, swelling of polyurethane friction disks, and uniform oiling and biodegradation were studied. It not only solved the problem of spinnability of ultra-fine high-speed spinning, improved the first-rate product rate of fiber, but also studied some basic problems in the development and production of chemical fiber oil agent in China, and had positive effect on improving the research level of chemical fiber oil agent in China. significance.
1 Experiment 1.1 Test main raw materials Self-synthesized oil agent polyether, synthetic method according to, biodegradability reference non-ionic surfactant test method 14, polyurethane swelling reference and modify, the polyurethane sample at (90±2) °C Completely immersed in the oil monomer, remove it after 4 days, wash it, dry it, measure the quality change, observe the surface condition, perform a comprehensive evaluation, 1.3 The main process and equipment of the oil application 2 Results and discussion 1 Research objectives based on ultra-fine denier Polypropylene high-speed spinning fiber, high processing speed, and many processing processes lead to fiber damage characteristics, for uniform oil, oil agent on the fiber structure and mechanical properties and polyurethane friction disk, biodegradability, oil film strength The problem, starting from the relationship between monomer structure and properties, carried out oil formulation design and compounding studies. After a small, medium, and large test at a chemical fiber plant, a stable oil formulation was developed.
22 Even oiling Even oiling is the premise to stably play the various functions of the oil agent. The oil agent can evenly attach to the surface of each fiber, directly affecting the frictional behavior between the wire and the contact component, if there is no oil or If the oil is too little, the spinning tension will fluctuate, and even the filaments and yarn breakage will be caused. Because of the large surface area of ​​the ultra-fine polypropylene fiber, the number of fibers and the low strength, the uniformity of oiling is particularly important. The uniform oiling is related to the wetting property and surface tension of the oil agent. Generally, the faster the wetting speed, the lower the surface tension and the more uniform the oiling. The wetting properties of oils are mainly determined by the structure of the polyether monomers used. The type of polyether initiator and the ether chain structure all have a great influence on its wetting ability.
Table 1 Effect of the polyether structure on wetting properties Benzene alcohol Octyl alcohol Lauryl alcohol Isooctyl alcohol butanol Block wetting/Note: EO/PO ratio is 50/50 (mol), molecular weight 1100 divided by butanol block In addition, they are all random structures.
The test results are divided into 4Ait, good eB, inferior, and worst ubliShM, 1 group.) | Research Projects e Contract Number T/wwinkUet?C,. ) and branched chain initiators, as well as block-structured polyethers, can effectively improve the wetting properties of oils. The ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil developed in this project has a wetting time of 2s and a surface tension of 2 10Nk. It has excellent wetting properties and can meet the need for even oiling.
2.3 Swelling of Polyurethane Friction Plates on Oil Friction Ultrafine PUs are fired with polyurethane linings with low surface hardness but are expensive. Common high-speed spinning oils swell very strongly on polyurethane friction linings. The rotating friction plates rub against each other under a certain tension, and the surface of the swollen polyurethane friction plate is soon ground to a lot of grooves, which not only affects the false twisting effect, but also causes the occurrence of hairiness and broken ends. The worst case service life is less than two weeks.
Therefore, reducing the swelling of the polyurethane friction plate by the oil agent is a problem that must be solved for ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil.
First of all, the swelling effect of commonly used monomers in oils on polyurethane materials was investigated. The results are shown in Table 2. According to the test results, the use of PEG esters and nonylphenol polyethers whose evaluation result is Grade D is avoided in oils, and careful selection is made. Alkyl phosphate ester antistatic agents, as far as possible the use of materials rated as A and B grades, but because mineral oil and long-chain fatty acid esters are not suitable for large-scale use of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil, so selected The moderate molecular weight (000 ~ 2000) EO/PO fatty alcohol polyether is mainly composed of an appropriate amount of high molecular weight polyether and less swelling polyether phosphate salt. The developed ultra-fine high-speed spinning oil agent for polyurethane material swelling weight change rate of 0.58%, comprehensive evaluation for the AB level, 10 weeks without obvious wear, far better than the ordinary high-speed spinning oil CD grade.
Table 2 Swelling results of oil monomer to polyurethane materials Sample rating level Sample rating Grade Water straight chain alcohol Polyoxyethylene ether Mineral oil Branched chain alcohol Polyoxyethylene long chain fatty acid ester Polyethylene glycol (PEG) diester High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Monoesters Medium Molecular Weight (1 Polyether Nonylphenol Ethoxylate (OP Series) Low Molecular Weight Certain Phosphate Salts 2.4 Oil Effects on Fiber Structure and Mechanical Properties POY and DTY After a period of time, post-processing is often carried out. Therefore, whether or not the oil has a bad influence on the structure and mechanical properties of the fiber and the degree of influence during the period has become a concern.
The effects of oil on fiber structure and mechanical properties are shown in Table 3 and Table 4, respectively. From the table, after storage for 30 days, POY and DTY fibers strongly imply no adverse effect on the fiber structure and mechanical properties of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil. .
Table 3 Effect of Oil on Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Polypropylene Samples and Denier of Filament Denier CV Breaking Strength Breaking Strength Breaking Elongation Elongation at Break (days) Table 4 Effect of Oil on Fiber Structure Samples and Storage Days Melting Point/°C Crystallinity /% relative degree of orientation /% 2.5 film strength strength loss is often encountered in the process of superfine polypropylene shelling, in addition to the use of low surface hardness of polyurethane friction sheet, increase the oil film strength, in the friction false positive Protecting fibers effectively at the same time is also an effective means to reduce the loss of strength. The oil film strength is characterized by the wear resistance of the oil. When the fiber contacts the false twisted sheet with the high-speed rotating friction sheet, the oil film adhering to the fiber surface cannot be broken under the high temperature, high speed and certain pressure, otherwise the oil film is changed and the fiber is changed. The frictional behavior has a large frictional resistance, which not only affects the spinnability, but also increases the amount of white powder during false-twisting. In designing the formula, this factor was fully taken into consideration. It contains double bonds or other polar genes, which can effectively increase the strength of the oil film, but it is prone to coke formation and contaminate the hot plate during bombing. Therefore, the wear resistance is added during compounding. Good phosphate ester and high molecular weight polyether, at the same time, the saturated polyether with high oil film strength is selected as the main oil film strength of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil agent to reach 88 kg POY After tensile twisting and untwisting, DTY strength also Slightly improved.
2.6 Biodegradability The increasingly serious water pollution is a global problem faced by human beings. It not only makes the precious clean water more scarce, but also can harm human health and the survival of animals and plants through the biological chain. Wastewater containing various additives is a serious pollutant, and it often causes water pollution due to its rapid degradation in a short time. Therefore, the study of the biodegradability of oils, the development of environmentally friendly degradable oils, and the fundamental solution to their pollution problems not only have a certain theoretical value, but also have more important practical significance for a country that is seriously lacking in water resources in China. .
The biodegradability of ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil depends on the properties of the raw material monomers. The fatty alcohol EO/PO random polyether and the fatty acid EO/PO random polyether have good biodegradability, so they were selected as the oil agent degree, degree of crystallinity, degree of crystallinity, etc. did not change significantly in the main body of Mish. The poor biodegradability of nonylphenol polyether should not be used Polyether molecular chains contain large PO blocks, and it is difficult to biodegrade. This issue is fully taken into account in the design of polyether molecular structure, using multiple small Blocks to adjust its performance. The successful development of superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has good biodegradability, and the biodegradation rate reaches 97%. 2.7 Application of the oil agent The experiment on the machine was carried out at the Shupufan Chemical Fiber Plant of Zhongyuan Oilfield and Sipulun Company of the Chinese Academy of Sciences respectively. The experimental results are shown in Table 5. Tests have shown that the ultra-fine polypropylene high-speed spin finish has good spinnability, uniform oiling, less spatter, high-speed spinning, smooth POY fiber, and good POY unwinding. It can meet the requirements of drawing and false-twisting technology, even tension of false twisting, stable spinning, less hairiness, less broken ends, and DTY? Polyurethane friction plate wear is small, there is no strength loss after the elastic DTY, easy to operate.
3 Oil Indicators and Performance Ultrafine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil indicators and performance in Table 6 Table 5 The actual application of oil quality indicators of the sample fineness CV CV breaking strength breaking strength CV elongation at break elongation at break CV boiling water ( %) Oil Content First Grade (%) Table 6 Superfine Polypropylene High Speed ​​Spinning Oil Index and Performance Item Oil Indicator Item Oil Performance Item Friction Coefficient Appearance Light Yellow Transparent Liquid Wetting Time F/CMd (Fiber and Ceramic Interstitial Friction) Active Smoke Point (c) Surface Tension (N/cm) (Fiber-Fiber Static Friction) Flash Point (c) Emulsion Stability (12%) 72i Stable Oil Film Strength (kg) 4 Conclusions Based on Superfine Polypropylene High Speed The characteristics of spinning process and fiber, starting with the relationship between oil monomer structure and performance, carried out research on the performance and compounding technology of superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil monomer. The developed oil agent can be evenly oiled, has good biodegradability, has little swelling to the polyurethane friction plate, has no adverse effect on the fiber structure and mechanical properties, and has high oil film strength.
Superfine polypropylene high-speed spinning oil has been evaluated through fiber production application, which can meet the requirements of spinning and post-processing technology, good spinnability, smooth production process, product quality up to quality standards, and DTY? rate of over 85%.
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