First, the definition:
Yarn, thread is a product with a certain degree of fineness and infinite length that is spun from various kinds of textile fibers. It is used for weaving, knitting, embroidering, making threads, making ropes, etc.
The yarns, which are usually spun from short fibers, are called yarns. The two yarns or more are combined and twisted to form a yarn. So generally speaking single yarn, strands;
Single yarn: The short fibers are processed by spinning, and the short fibers are arranged along the axis and twisted.
Strand: Made of two or more single yarns combined and twisted, the strength and wear resistance of the yarn is better than that of the single yarn. At the same time, the strands can be combined and twisted in a certain way to obtain the strands.
Yarn is usually used to produce fabrics, and thread is used to sew different fabrics together.
Fiber---"Yarn ---"------Fabric
Second, the classification of yarn
Due to the wide variety of yarns, there are many classification methods. The classifications and names that are often encountered in trade are briefly described below.
A, according to raw materials
B. The coarse breakdown of yarn
1. Coarse yarn (coarseyarn)
More than 32tex (18 English) cotton yarns are called coarse yarns (or coarse yarns).
It is mainly used for weaving thick thick fabrics or raising looped cotton fabrics. Such as coarse cloth, velvet, sturdy and so on.
2. Mediumyarn
33 ~ 22tex (18-27 English) cotton yarn is called special yarn (or medium yarn).
Mainly used for weaving flat cloth, twill cloth, satin and other fabrics, cotton fabrics widely used.
3. Fine yarn (fineyarn)
21tex (28 English) and below are called fine yarns.
Mainly used for high-grade needles, cotton fabrics, such as high-grade poplin, high-grade sweatshirts, and vests.
C. According to the spinning method
1. Cardedyarn
Refers to a yarn spun from a normal spinning system.
2. Combed yarn
With good quality fibers as raw materials, the combing process is increased when compared to plain yarns.
As the combing process is increased, the arrangement of the fibers in the yarn is relatively straight, the yarn strength is increased, the gloss is improved, and the defects are reduced. Combed cotton yarn is used to make high-grade fabrics, such as high-grade poplin, fine cloth, and high-grade knitwear. Combed wool yarns are mainly used to make fine wool fabrics, such as Paoli Division, Van Ditin, and Mao Rong.
3. Waste spinning (wasteyarn)
It refers to all the yarns spun from the waste cotton processed in the spinning process as raw materials, such as secondary yarns, used to make low-grade cotton felts, velvets, and foreskins.
D, by usage
1. Warpyarn
As a warp yarn for woven fabrics, the warp yarns need to have higher strength and proper twisting because they are subjected to greater tension and friction during weaving.
2. Weftyarn
The weft used as a woven fabric, because weaving does not experience as much tension and friction as the warp yarn, so it is strongly required to be lower than the warp yarn, but it needs a certain degree of flexibility and twist stability, and the twist should not be too much.
3. Knitting yarn (knitting yarn)
Since the knit-knitted knot requires softness and smoothness, it passes through the knitting crochet, so it is required to be clean, uniform, and has a lower twist than the warp and weft.
E. According to the yarn structure
1. Single yarn (singleyarn)
It is directly spun from staple fiber by spinning.
2. Pliedyarn
Made of two or more single yarns in combination with twisting.
3. Recombination strand (compooundtwistyarn)
Composed of two or more strands and twisted together.
4. Fancyyarn
Use two or more yarns of different thicknesses, different raw materials, different structures or different shades of yarn, or a special shape or structure of strands made by twisting and using special methods. There are many types of fancy lines, and with the development of new technologies, endless ones. If there are knot lines, spirals, loops, color dots, and so on.
Fibers are formed by straightening into curls under the action of heat and mechanics or high pressure jets of jetting air.
Non-deformed synthetic filaments have a smooth, flat, non-bulky appearance and are feather-free. After being deformed, the yarn is curled and bulky, the surface has feathers, the hand feel is soft, the luster is soft, and the wearing performance such as hygroscopicity, ventilation and warmth is improved. Deformed yarns include elastic yarns, low-elastic yarns and bulk textured yarns.
6. Core yarn (thread) (corespunyarn)
Wrapped by core and wrap yarn. In the center of the yarn, the core yarn is usually a strong and elastic synthetic filament (polyester, nylon, spandex, etc.), and is wrapped with natural fibers such as cotton and wool so that the core yarn has both the good appearance and the feel of natural fibers. , Hygroscopicity and dyeing properties, but also the characteristics of synthetic fiber strength, elasticity and dimensional stability.
With polyester as core, outsourcing viscose staple fiber or cotton core-spun yarn, wearing a comfortable, durable, cool look like cotton, can be used as summer clothing, shirts and other fabrics.
The core-spun yarn made of elastic fiber or spandex filament as the core yarn has good elasticity. Therefore, the knitted fabric or the jeans material knitted by the yarn can make the human body move freely and comfortably. Polyester filaments are used as the core to cover the core yarns of cellulosic fibers such as cotton yarns or viscose staple fibers, and polyester fibers and cellulose fibers react differently to acid to produce special burnt-down velvet fabrics. There are also core yarns made of acrylic yarn covered with cotton yarn, which have the comfort of cotton fabrics and the warm, soft properties of acrylic fibers.
With polyester staple fiber yarn as the core, the core yarn made of cotton yarn or cotton yarns of two kinds of color fastness, the clothes made from it are more novel and unique.
F, dyeing and finishing and post processing
1. Original yarn
Also known as primary yarn for weaving grey fabrics .
2. Dyeing yarn
Raw yarns are colored yarns made from scouring and dyeing.
3. Color spinning
(Including mixed-color spinning) The fibers are first dyed and then spun. For fabrics with irregular star spots and patterns.
4. Bleached yarn
Primary color yarns are bleached yarns after bleaching to interweave colored yarns with dyed yarns.
5. Silk yarn
Mercerized cotton yarn is called silk yarn. There are mercerized bleached yarns and mercerized dyed yarns for high-end color fabrics.
6. Wool yarn
The singeing machine is used to burn off the hairiness of the yarn surface to produce a smooth surface yarn for weaving special varieties.
G. According to the final shaping of the yarn
1. Cheese yarn
From the winder, it is wound into a bobbin package in the form of a yarn.
2. Skein
The yarn is twisted into the yarn by the light-spinning process. The skein yarn is easy to transport and is also convenient for dyeing. It is suitable for color fabrics.
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